Sampling soil at Lincoln Elementary

                                                                                                                               Kayla Kinsel 

Our group of Lincoln Elementary kids were excited about soil sampling before we even stepped foot outside! They loved the fact that they were going to be touching and scooping soil. As soon as they touched the  soil, you could see the excitement on their faces. Both of the kids wanted to take their samples home and show their parents.

After looking at the soil from both the garden and lawn, the kids came to the conclusion that the soil in the garden would be better to grow plants because they could feel and see a difference in the texture. Also from past knowledge knowing that soil in gardens have more nutrients for the plants to grow better. The kids knew what photosynthesis is and what plants need to grow; sunlight, water, air, and nutrients.

Soil texture relates to soil health because soil texture determines the rate at which water drains through a wet soil. Water can move more easily through sandy soils than it can through clayey soils. Soil texture also impacts how much water is available to the plant. Soil that has a higher clay content has a greater water holding capacity than sandy soils. Soils also differ in their susceptibility to erosion based on texture. A soil with a high % of silt and clay particles has a greater erodibility than a sandy soil. Differences in soil texture also impacts organic matter. As you can see all of these factors relate to soil health.

Soil color relates to soil health by determining the nutrients found within the soil. Dark brown or black colored soil indicates its high organic matter content and fertility.


Healthy soil is shown in this first picture. The soil is dark which shows the high nutrient levels within the soil.

• www.care2.com

This picture shows clay soil. It has a different texture than the soil in the first picture and is a lighter, more orange/yellow color.

• www.hgtvgardens.com

Resources:

• http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CD8QFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.uri.edu%2Friss%2Ffiles%2FImportance-of-Soil-Texture.doc&ei=vRQcVaDcAs-1ogT3-ILICw&usg=AFQjCNG2342T_x1W3lPzkbJks5y6uiiy3g&sig2=9osyTYyfPeG7MfNZf7tsLA&bvm=bv.89744112,d.cGU
• http://www.soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/010117attrasoilmanual/010117attra.html
• http://www.ecochem.com/t_soil_aeration.html

Sampling Soil at Lincoln Elementary

By: Chiugo, McKayla, Ryan, Savannah, Michaela

As kids, they were naturally enthusiastic and did not need a reason to be outside or getting themselves dirty. The group that we had, were very interested in figuring out the soil type that would be suitable for growing the crops or fruits and vegetables that they like oranges, apples, etc. After explaining the three soil types, the students believed that the clay soils was the most suitable and better for growing plants because of the water and nutrient contents that would help nourish the soil.

Soil is a life giving natural resource that is of extreme importance. As the number of people living on earth and food production demand increases, a healthy soil is necessary for sustaining the world population. According to the USDA report, Soil health, also referred to as soil quality, is defined as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans. The definition shows how important controlling or managing the soil is to provide sustainability for future generations. Good soil structure, texture and the colour have an important effect on the healthiness of the soil and its fertility. When good soil structure produces pore spaces that encourages root penetration and easy passage of water, nutrients and air which assist in improving the soil health. 

 Soil texture affects the soils physical, chemical, and biological properties that refers to the size and relative proportions of sand, silt and clay in the soil e.g. sand grains are large and coarse, clay particles are very fine and smooth and silt particles intermediate. This is an important soil property influenced by texture that affects the soil health. Soil water fills up small spaces around the soil particles. Sandy soil shave a large pore space between particles and hold less water than clay soils however, clay soils have the greatest ability to retain water content as well as nutrients at field capacity. They also resist the wind and water erosion.

Sandy soils increases soil aeration, resists compaction and increases the soil’s porosity. All the different characteristics of the soil textures are beneficial to the soil health as it retains the water and nutrients that the soil needs to be fertile and increase the soil’s capacity to store plant nutrients. Soil color is helpful in determining soil properties. A dark brown or black colored soil indicates its high organic matter content and fertility. A red or yellowish soil shows good aeration and proper drainage. A white color, resulting from the accumulation of salts of alkali indicates deterioration of soil fertility and its unsuitability for normal growth of many crops.

Tools Used:

Sources:
1. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/
2. http://www.organicriskmanagement.umn.edu/soil_health3.html
3. http://www.soilhealth.com/soil-health/fertility/physical.htm
4. http://www.ecochem.com/t_soil_aeration.html

Sampling Soil at Lincoln Elementary

Amanda Crawley

Recently, we traveled to Lincoln Elementary School to work with students on a garden project at their school. Our goal was to educate them on the important properties of the soil which help things grow and the difference between garden soil and urban soil. Going into the classroom, we found they were surprisingly intrigued of the prospect of growing their own food. Sampling the soil specifically excited the kids at the possibility of seeing a worm.

A photo of Lincoln Elementary

http://www.springfieldpromise.com/home/thriving-school-lincoln-elementary-springfield-oh

Students were able to make the connections between the texture and color of the soils and how the correlate to the ability to grow plants. The kids knew without much direction that the soil from the garden was much better suited for growing things. The soil that is ideal for gardening is soil that is composed of the smaller clay particles (which aids in the retention of nutrients essential for growth) and and darker in color (which indicates a higher percentage of organic matter).

Pictures showing the test to determine the texture of soil by touch

http://mff.dsisd.net/ActivityLibrary/SoilTexture.htm

Going into this project of working with kids was a pretty scary prospect for me, but our interactions were actually an overall good experience. It was a great feeling knowing that we were helping to educate these kids on the importance of soil health and the process of growing plants.
http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/mauisoil/a_factor_ts.aspx
http://www.nrri.umn.edu/worms/research/methods_soils.html

Soil Sampling at Lincoln Elementary

    Soil Sampling at Lincoln Elementary

During our visit on Friday, March 27th, we were able to collaborate and share ideas with the students participating in the after-school program at Lincoln Elementary. Having the opportunity to work with these kids and get them excited about something that the world needs to know about; it gives you a great feeling. Having the opportunity to see them a second time-and them remembering your name and being excited to see you? That's the true joy of this experience. 

Lincoln Elementary School
Source: Google Images

Before we were joined by the students, however, we took soil samples from the lawn of the school as well as the intended plot for gardening.

Having a laugh while taking samples from the garden

   

















You can clearly see from these images that there is a difference in both the composition as well as the color of the two soils being sampled. The soil from the garden is also primarily rid of unwanted plant life while the soil of the lawn is filled with grasses, weeds and various debris.

     Once we were able to speak with the kids we discussed the coloration of soil, and had them. One student in particular was extremely enthused with the presence of a worm in the soil sample we took. Discussing the importance of these creatures led to the conversation of which soil they thought would be best. Without a question the soil from the Garden won. These kids knew-without any scientific reasoning- that the darker more "together" soil was better for growing vegetables.

Source: Google Images

Worms got the kids excited about sampling soil!

With the students we explored soil color and texture and how it related to soil health. In explanation we discussed the importance of nutrients in the soil (soil organic matter) as well as the texture and how that could affect plant growth (runoff, erosion, flooding, etc). We used the analogy of a plant in sand as opposed to soil to establish the importance of soil composition or texture. The kids understood that sand was bad for growth because it can't hold water and does not have nutrients in it.

I would say that overall this was a great experience for everyone involved. The students from Lincoln gave us great energy, and I can't wait to see them again! It will be really great to expand this effort and give back to the community through the planting and management of a community garden. Not only will it provide fresh vegetables in a food desert, it will also teach the kids: the importance of soil quality, the impact the environment has on food, the care it takes to grow food, the joy of a job well done!

Hannah Kirk
Maggie Peale

Grant Blanton
Scott Sholar

Sources

http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054286

http://www.organicriskmanagement.umn.edu/soil_health3.html

http://www.ecochem.com/t_soil_aeration.html

Vacant Lot Use: Gap Filler

February 17, 2015

Hannah Kirk, Maggie Peale, Grant Blanton

“Gap Filler aims to temporarily activate vacant sites within Christchurch with creative projects to make for more interesting dynamic and vibrant city.”

As we began our search for successful ways to reconstruct vacant lots, we came across an organization called Gap Filler and the work they have done within Christchurch, New Zealand. The strategy of this organization was to build community awareness and overall attitude towards the vacant lots by turning them into temporary dance floors. In order to make this happen, Gap Filler selects certain vacant lots throughout the community and lay down temporary dance floors for the public to utilize. In order to work the dance floors you have to insert a coin into the available machines and then it allows you to plug in whatever music people prefer. This not only draws attention to the vacant lots, but allows for public performances and positive energy amongst the people. The dance floors not only serve to rebuild the community but also give a kick start to the lots by drawing attention to it. This allows people to want to be involved by contributing to more and ultimately paving the way to revitalization without payment. By being temporary, the dance floors do not cause long term damage and erosion to the soil or land itself. The money raised by the dance floor can be donated to the city, or used by the company themselves, to clean up the vacant lots and replace it with a variety of more permanent structures such as playgrounds and gardens.

By creating these temporary dance floors the vacant lots changed the atmosphere in the community as well as the motivation, which these organizations said is the first step to success is renewing vacant lots. The goal of this strategy was strictly to unite the community and bring awareness to the land and show all of the potential it has by ringing life and energy to the land.

    

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The two figures above show the differences between the runoff levels of hard surfaces and fresh land. There is 45% more runoff in the city, where there are hard surfaces. In relation to the temporary dance floors in New Zealand, it is better to create a temporary solution instead of a permanent hard surface because it conserves rain water and produces less runoff.

When it comes to costs and the coordination of this program, it is generally less expensive than other activities because the main purchase is the dance floor which is completely made from recycled material. Gap Filler also receives grants as well as financial support from local community organizations such as art councils and is operated mainly by a volunteer based staff. By using the volunteer force you can gather people who are directly interested in the use of the lots and improvement of the community. One option could always be to make an abroad option for Wittenberg students to travel to areas such as New Zealand and participate in such activities. Another option could be for Wittenberg students to team up with local Springfield Elementary schools and work something like this up in our own community to host an event and bring awareness to the vacant lot. This gives us the opportunity to raise money from the coins collected from participants and then be able to move forward to preserve the soil in the lot or build upon it with things such as community gardens or playgrounds.


Below, the two figures relate to our topic by showing other lots and locations of the dance floors and also the large numbers of the land that has the potential to be used.

http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/true-costs.pdf

http://www.gapfiller.org.nz/gap-map

Turning Vacant Lots into Rooftop Gardens-- Savannah, Ryan, and Michaela

In recent years, Chicago has started designing and implementing rooftop gardening.  Not only are rooftop gardens aesthetically pleasing; but they save energy, keep buildings cooler, and can help preserve the life of the roof.  Rooftop gardening replaces the dark tar roofing, which lowers temperatures and reduces air pollution. 

Essential Layers of a Rooftop Garden

• Plants
• Growing Media
• Filter Mat
• Drainage layer
• Insulation
• Root barrier
• Waterproof membrane
• Roof deck

http://www.hydrotechusa.com/assemblies/garden-roof-assembly

Instead of the plants merely sitting on top of the roof, some gardens become the roof. These “green roof systems” provide drainage and nutrients, and can be intensive or extensive. The extensive gardens are lightweight and low maintenance, while the intensive gardens closely resemble ones seen on the ground. Planning and preparation for a rooftop garden is an extensive process that needs to be carefully done, and there are several factors to consider, such as: the condition of the roof and how much it can hold, how you are going to access the garden, how much the garden will weigh, how much the garden will cost, how to irrigate your garden, how to be sure water is properly drained, and how it will be designed. 

http://www.artic.edu/webspaces/greeninitiatives/greenroofs/images/GuidetoRooftopGardening_v2.pdf

Estimated costs of installing a green roof start at $10 per square foot for simpler extensive roofing, and $25 per square foot for intensive roofs. Annual maintenance costs for either type of roof may range from $0.75–$1.50 per square foot. Depending on the size of the garden, the amount of people needed to build the rooftop garden varies as well as the time commitment. You should be able to dedicate at least 1 hour a day to the rooftop garden to ensure it has enough water and to prune the plants. While the initial costs of green roofs are higher than those of conventional materials, building owners can help offset the difference through reduced energy and stormwater management costs, and potentially have a longer lifespan of green roofs compared with conventional roofing materials.

http://www.epa.gov/heatisland/mitigation/greenroofs.htm

Green-roofs are rapidly becoming popular and Chicago already has 359 rooftop gardens established. The Urban Heat Island Effect is the temperature between a city and the area around it because of the asphalt and dark surfaces that emit heat, and the rooftop gardens help battle this effect. They lower the temperatures by replacing dark roofs and they add more oxygen to the atmosphere.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/24/225745012/why-aren-t-there-more-rooftop-farms

Stacey Kimmons and Audra Lewicki harvest lettuce at the Chicago Botanic Garden's 20,000-square-foot vegetable garden atop McCormick Place West in Chicago.

 

                                                       Rooftop gardens in Milwaukee

http://www.milwaukeerenaissance.com/Main/09-23-08#toc18

Wittenberg students and the students from the community can turn abandoned buildings into something useful and beautiful. Some abandoned buildings cannot be torn down easily because of cost, time, and the labor involved. Instead of choosing a an empty lot, we could use the building on the lot as a storage place for the garden materials, turn it into an indoor garden, or find a way to  make it functional for the community. We could use everything on the lot by making use of the storage the building provides, as well as making a rooftop garden. This project could have several parts for the students to be involved in. Along with the garden, the students could help paint the building and make it a fun, safe place for them to go.